Chapter 20

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What aspects of Europe’s nineteenth-century history contributed to the First World War? 

  •  Emergence of Germany and Italy as major powers.


  •  1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist


  •  Rivalry between "Triple Alliance of Germany, Italy, and the Austro-Hungary Empire" and the "Triple Entente of Russia, France, and Britain," two alliances formed for national security after the above incident


  •  Industrialized militarism facilitated warfare (submarines, poison gas, machine guns, barbed wire, tanks, airplanes)


  • Imperialism: countries brought colonial troops and laborers into the war effort; now there were battles being fought in the colonies

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